In 2004 Dr. Shubin and his colleagues found Tiktaalik, a fossil with features found in both fish and tetrapods. Tiktaalik was the link between fish and land animals.
YOUTUBE daD37TsscvU Published Jan 19, 2016.
Blogger Lindsay Nikole says, Tiktaalik, on its own, is really cool, and has features that really make it appear to be a “half and half” — half fish half tetrapod. But the discovery of it is even cooler. It’s actually one of the coolest things I learned in college.
YOUTUBE _etwoYc5KSE Published Feb 24, 2024.
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Evolution of Lungs. bbc 
Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the diverse ways animals extract oxygen from air, from the highly tuned lungs that enabled dinosaurs to grow tall and birds to fly high, to buccal pumping. bbc
Guests discuss the evolution of lungs and of the first breaths, which can be traced back 400 million years to when animal life spread from rock pools and swamps onto land, as some fish found an evolutionary advantage in getting their oxygen from air rather than water. Breathing with lungs may have started with fish filling their mouths with air and forcing it down into sacs in their chests, like the buccal pumping that frogs do now, and slowly their swimming muscles adapted to work their lungs like bellows. While lungs developed in different ways, there are astonishing continuities: for example, the distinct breathing system that helps tiny birds fly thousands of miles now is also the one that once allowed some dinosaurs to become huge; our hiccups are vestiges of the flight reaction in fish needing more oxygen; and we still breathe through our skins, just not enough to meet our needs.
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385 million years ago, a group of fish would undertake one of the most important journeys in the history of life and become the first vertebrates to live on dry ground. But first, they had to acquire the ability to breathe air. video
YOUTUBE E1h4kgt2520 Published Jun 19, 2018.
Travel back in time to 200 million years before their extinction with paleontologist Emma Schachner for a breath of fresh air on dinosaur history. A thin membrane made lungs that worked for birds and maybe even dinasaurs.
TED emma_schachner_the_secret_weapon_that_let_dinosaurs_take_over_the_planet Published March 2019.
Researchers have found remarkable similarities in the way crocodiles and birds breathe. Different from how humans breathe, both birds and crocodiles have one-way air flow through their airways, meaning that air moves in a circular path into the lungs and back out. This article compares the structures of the respiratory systems in birds and crocodiles. post
