ACKOFF, Russell L., 1999. Transformational leadership. Strategy & Leadership. 1 January 1999. Vol. 27, no. 1, p. 20–25. DOI 10.1108/eb054626 . > The large and growing literature dealing with Leadership has not led to an obvious increase in either the quantity or quality of leaders, particularly transformational leaders. My cursory review of the related literature leads me to the conclusion that this lack is due to the ambiguity of the concepts of leadership and transformation.