ROST, Martin, [Update (2015-0524)]. Die politischen Probleme des deutschen Wissenschaftssystems mit dem Internet. pdf 
Guild-like (German "zunftartig") means here that universities are economically and organizationally firmly hierarchically regulated and that new modes of production, i.e. new forms of organization and production techniques, are ostracized, because they could ruin the constitution of the universities. Pre-industrial means that the products of the universities are still linked to individual people and not to teams organised on the basis of the division of labour, and that the technical support for the processing of scientific texts remains at the level of craftsmanship. Established scientists do not see themselves as team members, but as individual and holistically producing artisans. In principle, the production conditions at universities have not changed for 500 years, despite the use of the PC as a particularly powerful typewriter.