Chapters 5 through 13 in Iconic Arithmetic Volume I, as well as much of the content in Volumes II and III, explore James algebra. This boundary algebra was first developed between 1991 and 1993 by Jeffrey James and William Bricken at the University of Washington Human Interface Technology Lab. The result of Jeffrey’s research was published as his University of Washington 1993 Masters of Science in Engineering thesis, *A Calculus of Number Based on Spatial Forms*. [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.107.4224&rep=rep1&typ
William Bricken began this project about a decade ago (in the ohohs), in a quite technical vein, wondering whether or not the axiomatic method developed for formal symbol systems could be applied to the simplest tallies used by humanity for thousands of years. Some of this work turned into Chapters 2, 3 and 4. But the motivation arose from a project a decade earlier (the 1990s if you are keeping track). I was working at Interval Research Corporation, Paul Allen’s Silicon Valley research lab, with my long-time intellectual companion, Richard Shoup, and a te