https://wbricken.com/pdfs/01bm/00math-of-boundaries.pdf
> **Abstract**. The intuitive properties of configurations of planar non-overlapping closed curves (boundaries) are presented as a pure boundary mathematics. The mathematics, which is not incorporated in any existing formalism, is constructed from first principles, that is, from empty space. When formulated as pattern-equations, boundary algebras map to elementary logic and to integer arithmetic.